Membrane restructuring by phospholipase A 2 is regulated by the presence of lipid domains

Chad Leidy; Jackson Ocampo; Lars Duelund; Ole G. Mouritsen; Kent Jørgensen; Günther H. Peters

doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.02.062

Membrane restructuring by phospholipase A ₂ is regulated by the presence of lipid domains

Chad Leidy^*, Jackson Ocampo, Lars Duelund, Ole G. Mouritsen, Kent Jørgensen, Günther H. Peters

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Chemistry

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Secretory phospholipase A ₂ (sPL ^A2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids. This enzyme is sensitive to membrane structure, and its activity has been shown to increase in the presence of liquid-crystalline/gel (L _α/L _β) lipid domains. In this work, we explore whether lipid domains can also direct the activity of the enzyme by inducing hydrolysis of certain lipid components due to preferential activity of the enzyme toward lipid domains susceptible to sPLA ₂. Specifically, we show that the presence of L _α/L _β and L _α/P _β′ phase coexistence in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) system results in the preferential hydrolysis of the shorter-chained lipid component in the mixture, leading to an enrichment in the longer-chained component. The restructuring process is monitored by atomic force microscopy on supported single and double bilayers formed by vesicle fusion. We observe that during preferential hydrolysis of the DMPC-rich L _α regions, the L _β and P _β′ regions grow and reseal, maintaining membrane integrity. This result indicates that a sharp reorganization of the membrane structure can occur during sPL ^A2 hydrolysis without necessarily destroying the membrane. We confirm by high-performance liquid chromatography the preferential hydrolysis of DMPC within the phase coexistence region of the DMPC/DSPC phase diagram, showing that this preferential hydrolysis is accentuated close to the solidus phase boundary. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that this preferential hydrolysis in the presence of lipid domains leads to a membrane system with a higher-temperature melting profile due to enrichment in DSPC. Together, these results show that the presence of lipid domains can induce specificity in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, resulting in marked differences in the physical properties of the membrane end-product.

Original language	English
Journal	Biophysical Journal
Volume	101
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	90-99
Number of pages	10
ISSN	0006-3495
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2011.02.062
Publication status	Published - 6 Jul 2011

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10.1016/j.bpj.2011.02.062

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title = "Membrane restructuring by phospholipase A 2 is regulated by the presence of lipid domains",

abstract = "Secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPL A2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids. This enzyme is sensitive to membrane structure, and its activity has been shown to increase in the presence of liquid-crystalline/gel (L α/L β) lipid domains. In this work, we explore whether lipid domains can also direct the activity of the enzyme by inducing hydrolysis of certain lipid components due to preferential activity of the enzyme toward lipid domains susceptible to sPLA 2. Specifically, we show that the presence of L α/L β and L α/P β′ phase coexistence in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) system results in the preferential hydrolysis of the shorter-chained lipid component in the mixture, leading to an enrichment in the longer-chained component. The restructuring process is monitored by atomic force microscopy on supported single and double bilayers formed by vesicle fusion. We observe that during preferential hydrolysis of the DMPC-rich L α regions, the L β and P β′ regions grow and reseal, maintaining membrane integrity. This result indicates that a sharp reorganization of the membrane structure can occur during sPL A2 hydrolysis without necessarily destroying the membrane. We confirm by high-performance liquid chromatography the preferential hydrolysis of DMPC within the phase coexistence region of the DMPC/DSPC phase diagram, showing that this preferential hydrolysis is accentuated close to the solidus phase boundary. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that this preferential hydrolysis in the presence of lipid domains leads to a membrane system with a higher-temperature melting profile due to enrichment in DSPC. Together, these results show that the presence of lipid domains can induce specificity in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, resulting in marked differences in the physical properties of the membrane end-product.",

author = "Chad Leidy and Jackson Ocampo and Lars Duelund and Mouritsen, {Ole G.} and Kent J{\o}rgensen and Peters, {G{\"u}nther H.}",

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T1 - Membrane restructuring by phospholipase A 2 is regulated by the presence of lipid domains

AU - Leidy, Chad

AU - Ocampo, Jackson

AU - Duelund, Lars

AU - Mouritsen, Ole G.

AU - Jørgensen, Kent

AU - Peters, Günther H.

PY - 2011/7/6

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N2 - Secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPL A2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids. This enzyme is sensitive to membrane structure, and its activity has been shown to increase in the presence of liquid-crystalline/gel (L α/L β) lipid domains. In this work, we explore whether lipid domains can also direct the activity of the enzyme by inducing hydrolysis of certain lipid components due to preferential activity of the enzyme toward lipid domains susceptible to sPLA 2. Specifically, we show that the presence of L α/L β and L α/P β′ phase coexistence in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) system results in the preferential hydrolysis of the shorter-chained lipid component in the mixture, leading to an enrichment in the longer-chained component. The restructuring process is monitored by atomic force microscopy on supported single and double bilayers formed by vesicle fusion. We observe that during preferential hydrolysis of the DMPC-rich L α regions, the L β and P β′ regions grow and reseal, maintaining membrane integrity. This result indicates that a sharp reorganization of the membrane structure can occur during sPL A2 hydrolysis without necessarily destroying the membrane. We confirm by high-performance liquid chromatography the preferential hydrolysis of DMPC within the phase coexistence region of the DMPC/DSPC phase diagram, showing that this preferential hydrolysis is accentuated close to the solidus phase boundary. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that this preferential hydrolysis in the presence of lipid domains leads to a membrane system with a higher-temperature melting profile due to enrichment in DSPC. Together, these results show that the presence of lipid domains can induce specificity in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, resulting in marked differences in the physical properties of the membrane end-product.

AB - Secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPL A2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids. This enzyme is sensitive to membrane structure, and its activity has been shown to increase in the presence of liquid-crystalline/gel (L α/L β) lipid domains. In this work, we explore whether lipid domains can also direct the activity of the enzyme by inducing hydrolysis of certain lipid components due to preferential activity of the enzyme toward lipid domains susceptible to sPLA 2. Specifically, we show that the presence of L α/L β and L α/P β′ phase coexistence in a 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (DMPC)/1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) system results in the preferential hydrolysis of the shorter-chained lipid component in the mixture, leading to an enrichment in the longer-chained component. The restructuring process is monitored by atomic force microscopy on supported single and double bilayers formed by vesicle fusion. We observe that during preferential hydrolysis of the DMPC-rich L α regions, the L β and P β′ regions grow and reseal, maintaining membrane integrity. This result indicates that a sharp reorganization of the membrane structure can occur during sPL A2 hydrolysis without necessarily destroying the membrane. We confirm by high-performance liquid chromatography the preferential hydrolysis of DMPC within the phase coexistence region of the DMPC/DSPC phase diagram, showing that this preferential hydrolysis is accentuated close to the solidus phase boundary. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that this preferential hydrolysis in the presence of lipid domains leads to a membrane system with a higher-temperature melting profile due to enrichment in DSPC. Together, these results show that the presence of lipid domains can induce specificity in the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme, resulting in marked differences in the physical properties of the membrane end-product.

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VL - 101

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JO - Biophysical Journal

JF - Biophysical Journal

IS - 1

ER -

Membrane restructuring by phospholipase A ₂ is regulated by the presence of lipid domains

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