Klassifikation og indeksering af skønlitteratur: Et teoretisk og historisk perspektiv

Translated title of the contribution: The classification and indexing of fiction: A theoretical and historical perspective

Rune Eriksson

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Abstract

 

The subject of this thesis is the classification and indexing of fiction, observed from a theoretical and historical point of view. Well-established classification systems like the DDC, the UDC and the Danish DK are discussed, but the main subject is the special systems for fiction developed in opposition to traditional systems, and the purpose is to study and analyze how these alternative systems have developed since the late 19th century and up until now. In this context numerous theorists are analyzed, including   Baker, Walker, Pejtersen, Beghtol, Nielsen and Saarti. An early significant event is an extensive classification of fiction carried out by the Free Library of Philadelphia in the very beginning of the 20th century. This work becomes a national issue in the USA when the classification is discussed for a few years at the ALA's annual congress, but it ends up being dismissed. The thesis argues that this decision stopped the development of classification for fiction for decades, and quite possibly it is one of the reasons why bibliographic systems, even in the 1980's, did not reflect the topics or themes of fiction. But eighty years later the ALA changed its mind and from 1990 fiction is indexed in USA, Denmark, and soon many other countries. At the same time it is possible to observe a kind of theoretical breakthrough, when many more scholars are suddenly concerned with the issue, and in relation to those two significant periods in the historical development two more general issues are considered. Concerning the USA of the early 20th century the question is, if there is a connection between the DDC, the alternative systems, the final defeat at the ALA congress of 1906, and the so-called Great Fiction Question, which in the USA and the UK is discussed for decades around the turn of the century. And concerning the sudden developent around 1990 the question is, why is it exactly at this moment in time that there can be observed a both practical and theoretical breakthrough in relation to the bibliographical description of fiction.

   The approach to the bibliographical systems is basically defined in two ways. Firstly, traditional bibliographical terms like descriptive data and subject representation data are dismissed, because they tend to be inaccurate and confusing when applied to an art form like fiction. Instead terms like content data and external data are proposed. It is argued that in order to be able to discuss bibliographical issues properly it is necessary to develop new concepts that really fit the type of documents that are going to be reflected.

   Secondly, a particular model is applied on each and every system all through the thesis. This model is developed by the Danish professor of literature, Jørgen Dines Johansen, and was originally meant for text analysis. The main point is that the alternative systems slowly are getting better in representing what in this thesis is called content data. Another point is, that obviously it is still possible to improve those systems, and also that class marks as well as subject headings are not very suitable devices for reflecting some of the most important features of fiction: I.e., that normally fiction does not deal with a particular subject matter, but stages a world with a lot of topics; that an essential part of fiction is the narrative; and, finally, that in general subjects are not treated as isolated units, but as something fictitious characters relate to and respond to, intellectually and emotionally. That explains why a proper description in prose is often the best choice and thus it is a major problem that a lot of bibliographic systems do not include that particular feature. The thesis concludes with a discussion of how bibliographical descriptions may best be developed in the future.

Translated title of the contributionThe classification and indexing of fiction: A theoretical and historical perspective
Original languageDanish
Place of PublicationDanmarks Biblioteksskole
Publisher[Danmarks Biblioteksskole]
Volume1
Edition1
Number of pages288
ISBN (Print)978-87-7415-316-0
ISBN (Electronic)978-87-7415-316-0
Publication statusPublished - 2010

Keywords

  • classification, indexing, fiction,

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