Kepler-9: a system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

Matthew J. Holman...[et al.]; D. C. Fabrycky; D. Ragozzine; Lars C. Astrup Buchhave

doi:10.1126/science.1195778

Kepler-9: a system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

Matthew J. Holman...[et al.], D. C. Fabrycky, D. Ragozzine, Lars C. Astrup Buchhave

278 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth–size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

Original language	English
Journal	Science
Volume	330
Issue number	6000
Pages (from-to)	51-54
Number of pages	4
ISSN	0036-8075
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195778
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2010

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10.1126/science.1195778

Cite this

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title = "Kepler-9: a system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations",

abstract = "The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth–size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days. ",

author = "{Holman...[et al.]}, {Matthew J.} and Fabrycky, {D. C.} and D. Ragozzine and Buchhave, {Lars C. Astrup}",

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T2 - a system of multiple planets transiting a sun-like star, confirmed by timing variations

AU - Holman...[et al.], Matthew J.

AU - Fabrycky, D. C.

AU - Ragozzine, D.

AU - Buchhave, Lars C. Astrup

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N2 - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth–size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

AB - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth–size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days.

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