Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article highlights recent advances in our understanding of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) physiology and their various sites of action beyond the incretin effect. RECENT FINDINGS: Both GLP-1 and GIP stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and are thus classified as incretins. Beyond glucose-dependent insulin secretion, the peptides have common actions on islet β cells, leading β-cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. However, the action of GLP-1 and GIP is not limited to the islet cells; they have regulatory functions in many organs. Recent evidence has suggested that GLP-1 has important beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. GIP may play a role in promoting energy storage in humans, enhances bone formation via stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and may play a role in central nervous system function. SUMMARY: These new findings suggest further application of these hormones for the treatment of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and obesity.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| Pages (from-to) | 57-62 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| ISSN | 1752-296X |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Feb 2010 |
Keywords
- Adipocytes
- Animals
- Bone and Bones
- Cardiovascular Physiological Processes
- Central Nervous System
- Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
- Humans
- Insulin-Secreting Cells
- Lipid Metabolism
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone
