Genetics of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Denmark

Johanna Tommiska, Johanna Känsäkoski, Peter Christiansen, Niels Jørgensen, Jacob Gerner Lawaetz, Anders Juul, Taneli Raivio

18 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder characterized by incomplete/absent puberty caused by deficiency or defective action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The phenotypic features of patients with CHH vary from genital hypoplasia and absent puberty to reversal of HH later in life. We examined the genetics and clinical features of CHH in Denmark. Forty-one male patients were screened for mutations in KAL1, FGFR1, FGF8, PROK2, PROKR2, GNRHR, TAC3, TACR3, and KISS1R. CHD7 was screened in two patients with hearing loss. In 12 patients, a molecular genetic cause for CHH was found. Four patients had mutations in KAL1 (C105VfsX13, C53X, ex5-8del, R257X), and five in FGFR1 (G97S, R209C, A512V, R646W, and c.1614C>T, (p.I538I), predicted to affect splicing). All 9 had severe HH (cryptorchidism and/or micropenis), and 2 had cleft lip/palate. One patient with a previously reported homozygous R262Q mutation in GNRHR displayed fascinating temporal variation in his phenotype. Two patients with hearing loss had CHD7 mutations (c.7832_7841del (p.K2611MfsX25) and c.2443-2A>C), confirming that CHH patients with CHARGE syndrome-associated features should be screened for mutations in CHD7.

Original languageEnglish
JournalEuropean Journal of Medical Genetics
Volume57
Issue number7
Pages (from-to)345-348
Number of pages4
ISSN1769-7212
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2014

Keywords

  • DNA Helicases
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • Denmark
  • Extracellular Matrix Proteins
  • Genetic Diseases, Inborn
  • Humans
  • Hypogonadism
  • Male
  • Mutation
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1
  • Receptors, LHRH

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