Conditional and future tense impairment in non-fluent aphasia.

TY - JOUR

T1 - Conditional and future tense impairment in non-fluent aphasia.

AU - Rofes, Adrià

AU - Bastiaanse, Roelien

AU - Martínez-Ferreiro, Silvia

PY - 2014/1

Y1 - 2014/1

N2 - Background: Morphological errors of tense and agreement are salient in agrammatic aphasia. The PADILIH predicts impairments in discourse linking that translate to greater difficulties in referring to a past event time than to a future or a present event time. In Catalan, the Periphrastic conditional tense (e.g., "if the man had had time, he would have.") refers to the past and the Simple conditional tense refers to the future (e.g., "if the man had time, he would."). These two tenses refer to an event that may happen (irrealis).Aims: We fill in the gap of the conditional tense and provide further data to study contrasts in verb inflection for time reference. We predict that verb forms that refer to an irrealis past event (Periphrastic conditional) are more impaired than forms that refer to an irrealis future event (Simple conditional and Future). We also predict that there are no differences between verb forms that refer to an irrealis future event (Simple conditional and Future). We also assessed whether problems in time reference extend to individuals with non-fluent aphasia that are not typical agrammatic Broca aphasia.Methods & Procedures: A sentence completion task that included 60 sentences (20 per type) of equal length in a Conditional structure (if-sentences) was designed. We tested three sentence types: Periphrastic conditional, Simple conditional and Future. The task was administered to nine participants with non-fluent aphasia and nine age-matched non-brain-damaged participants.Outcomes & Results: The Control group scored at ceiling on the three sentence types. Participants with non-fluent aphasia were most impaired in the production of the Periphrastic conditional as compared with the Simple conditional and the Future.Conclusions: When irrealis event times are compared, past events are more impaired than future events. These results can be explained by a deficit in time reference as predicted by the PADILIH. Our data reveal that the predictions of the PADILIH also hold for non-fluent speakers who have been diagnosed with Transcortical motor aphasia.

AB - Background: Morphological errors of tense and agreement are salient in agrammatic aphasia. The PADILIH predicts impairments in discourse linking that translate to greater difficulties in referring to a past event time than to a future or a present event time. In Catalan, the Periphrastic conditional tense (e.g., "if the man had had time, he would have.") refers to the past and the Simple conditional tense refers to the future (e.g., "if the man had time, he would."). These two tenses refer to an event that may happen (irrealis).Aims: We fill in the gap of the conditional tense and provide further data to study contrasts in verb inflection for time reference. We predict that verb forms that refer to an irrealis past event (Periphrastic conditional) are more impaired than forms that refer to an irrealis future event (Simple conditional and Future). We also predict that there are no differences between verb forms that refer to an irrealis future event (Simple conditional and Future). We also assessed whether problems in time reference extend to individuals with non-fluent aphasia that are not typical agrammatic Broca aphasia.Methods & Procedures: A sentence completion task that included 60 sentences (20 per type) of equal length in a Conditional structure (if-sentences) was designed. We tested three sentence types: Periphrastic conditional, Simple conditional and Future. The task was administered to nine participants with non-fluent aphasia and nine age-matched non-brain-damaged participants.Outcomes & Results: The Control group scored at ceiling on the three sentence types. Participants with non-fluent aphasia were most impaired in the production of the Periphrastic conditional as compared with the Simple conditional and the Future.Conclusions: When irrealis event times are compared, past events are more impaired than future events. These results can be explained by a deficit in time reference as predicted by the PADILIH. Our data reveal that the predictions of the PADILIH also hold for non-fluent speakers who have been diagnosed with Transcortical motor aphasia.

KW - AGRAMMATISM

KW - ANALYSIS of variance

KW - CASE-control method

KW - CHI-squared test

KW - COMPARATIVE grammar

KW - Catalan

KW - Conditional tense

KW - DATA analysis

KW - DATA analysis -- Software

KW - DESCRIPTIVE statistics

KW - EXPERIMENTAL design

KW - FISHER exact test

KW - Future tense

KW - NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests

KW - Non-fluent aphasia

KW - PADILIH

KW - RESEARCH -- Finance

KW - SEMANTICS

KW - SPEECH -- Evaluation

KW - STATISTICS

KW - Time reference

U2 - 10.1080/02687038.2013.850650

DO - 10.1080/02687038.2013.850650

M3 - Journal article

SN - 0268-7038

VL - 28

SP - 99

EP - 115

JO - Aphasiology

JF - Aphasiology

IS - 1

ER -