The evolutionary genomic history of the saola

Shanlin Liu

Abstract

The saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), also known as the “Asian unicorn”, is a critically endangered bovid first scientifically described in 1993. The saola is still new to science even 20 years after its spectacular debut, and with limited research, not least from genetics. This PhD mainly centered around the genomic view of the evolutionary history of saola. The first chapter presented a de novo whole genome reference and drafted the polymorphism dataset of saola, from a unique collection of 40 saola samples dating to the early 1990s. The dataset was utilized to obtain insights into its population structure and migration history, and shed light on its demographic history. The other 2 chapters are methodologies developed during this PhD and are related to the research goal – conservation genetics of saola. Chapter 2 compared the sequencing performance and data quality of the BGISEQ-500 to the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform on DNA extracted from 8 historic and ancient dog and wolf samples. The data generated were largely comparable between sequencing platforms, suggesting BGISEQ-500 platform represents a valid and potentially valuable alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation. Thus, we generated the population dataset of saola using the BGISEQ-500 platform. Chapter 3 developed a high throughput sequencing based pipeline, HIFI Barcode,that is able to produce full-length Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes, from pooled polymerase chain reaction amplicons generated from individual specimens. Which, therefore, can help researchers filter out uninterested taxa from morphologically vague samples in a costefficient way.

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