TY - JOUR
T1 - Parental Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals and Welding Fumes and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors in Offspring
T2 - A Registry-Based Case-Control Study
AU - Togawa, Kayo
AU - Le Cornet, Charlotte
AU - Feychting, Maria
AU - Tynes, Tore
AU - Pukkala, Eero
AU - Hansen, Johnnie
AU - Olsson, Ann
AU - Dalton, Susanne Oksbjerg
AU - Nordby, Karl-Christian
AU - Uuksulainen, Sanni
AU - Wiebert, Pernilla
AU - Woldbæk, Torill
AU - Skakkebæk, Niels E
AU - Fervers, Béatrice
AU - Schüz, Joachim
N1 - ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Background: Data are scarce on the association between prenatal/preconception environmental exposure and testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) in offspring. We examined parental occupational exposures to heavy metals and welding fumes in relation to TGCT in offspring in a registry-based case-control study (NORD-TEST Study). Methods: We identified TGCT cases diagnosed at ages 14-49 years in Finland (1988-2012), Norway (1978-2010), and Sweden (1979-2011) through nationwide cancer registries. These cases were individually matched by country and year of birth to controls selected from population registries. Information on parental occupations was retrieved from censuses. From this, we estimated prenatal/preconception exposures of chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes (all three countries), and cadmium (Finland only) for each parent using job-exposure matrices specifying prevalence (P) and mean exposure level (L). Exposure indices were calculated as a product of P and L (P x L), and exposure categories were based on P x L or different combinations of P and L. Results: The study comprised 8,112 cases and 26,264 controls. We observed no statistically significant TGCT risk associated with presence of heavy metals/welding fumes (P x L > 0) and no dose-response relationship (Ptrend ≥ 0.32). A statistically significant elevated TGCT risk was found in paternal exposure category where both P and L of chromium were high (vs. no chromium; OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval; 1.05-1.79). Conclusions: Our study provides little evidence of associations between parental exposures to heavy metals/welding fumes and TGCT in offspring with the potential exception of high paternal chromium exposure. Impact: Further research on paternal chromium exposure is warranted.
AB - Background: Data are scarce on the association between prenatal/preconception environmental exposure and testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) in offspring. We examined parental occupational exposures to heavy metals and welding fumes in relation to TGCT in offspring in a registry-based case-control study (NORD-TEST Study). Methods: We identified TGCT cases diagnosed at ages 14-49 years in Finland (1988-2012), Norway (1978-2010), and Sweden (1979-2011) through nationwide cancer registries. These cases were individually matched by country and year of birth to controls selected from population registries. Information on parental occupations was retrieved from censuses. From this, we estimated prenatal/preconception exposures of chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and welding fumes (all three countries), and cadmium (Finland only) for each parent using job-exposure matrices specifying prevalence (P) and mean exposure level (L). Exposure indices were calculated as a product of P and L (P x L), and exposure categories were based on P x L or different combinations of P and L. Results: The study comprised 8,112 cases and 26,264 controls. We observed no statistically significant TGCT risk associated with presence of heavy metals/welding fumes (P x L > 0) and no dose-response relationship (Ptrend ≥ 0.32). A statistically significant elevated TGCT risk was found in paternal exposure category where both P and L of chromium were high (vs. no chromium; OR = 1.37, 95% confidence interval; 1.05-1.79). Conclusions: Our study provides little evidence of associations between parental exposures to heavy metals/welding fumes and TGCT in offspring with the potential exception of high paternal chromium exposure. Impact: Further research on paternal chromium exposure is warranted.
U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0328
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0328
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 27439405
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 25
SP - 1426
EP - 1434
JO - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
IS - 10
ER -
