@article{3af6bd40c2de11dd8ca2000ea68e967b,
title = "Life-course socio-economic position, area deprivation and Type 2 diabetes: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study",
abstract = "Objectives We examined whether area deprivation influenced risk of Type 2 diabetes, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance over and above the effect of individual socio-economic position (SEP) measured across the life course. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 4286 women aged 60 to 79 years from 457 British electoral wards in 23 towns. Results Area deprivation was positively associated with diagnosed [odds ratio (OR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13, 1.53, per quintile of area deprivation, n = 2895], but not undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes after adjustment for individual life-course SEP. This association was robust to adjustment for adult health behaviours and physiological risk factors. Insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score] increased by 1.90% (95% CI 0.01, 3.82, n = 2526) per quintile of area deprivation after adjustment for individual SEP, while fasting blood glucose increased by 0.69% (95% CI 0.16, 1.22, n = 2875) after adjustment for individual SEP. Conclusions Area level deprivation independently influences diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose. Examination of more specific characteristics of places is needed to understand the mechanisms by which these effects arise.",
author = "Andersen, {A F} and C Carson and Watt, {H C} and Lawlor, {D A} and K Avlund and S Ebrahim",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02594.x",
language = "English",
volume = "25",
pages = "1462--8",
journal = "Diabetic Medicine",
issn = "0742-3071",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "12",
}
