Host exploitation strategies of the social parasite Maculinea alcon

Landbrug og biologi

• Formicidae 100%
• parasites 91%
• ant colonies 66%
• instars 58%
• insect larvae 55%
• butterflies 41%
• food plants 33%
• worker ants 27%
• oviposition 25%
• coevolution 22%
• hydrocarbons 18%
• chemistry 18%
• Myrmica rubra 16%
• ant nests 13%
• host-parasite relationships 12%
• pupation 11%
• surpluses 11%
• Denmark 11%
• biologists 11%
• queen insects 10%
• genetic factors 10%
• defense mechanisms 10%
• Sweden 9%
• gene flow 9%
• population genetics 9%
• rearing 8%
• Germany 8%
• nests 8%
• genetic variation 6%
• eggs 6%