TY - JOUR
T1 - A Metalloproteinase Mirolysin of Tannerella forsythia Inhibits All Pathways of the Complement System
AU - Jusko, Monika
AU - Potempa, Jan
AU - Mizgalska, Danuta
AU - Bielecka, Ewa
AU - Ksiazek, Miroslaw
AU - Riesbeck, Kristian
AU - Garred, Peter
AU - Eick, Sigrun
AU - Blom, Anna M
N1 - Copyright © 2015 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Recent reports focusing on virulence factors of periodontal pathogens implicated proteinases as major determinants of remarkable pathogenicity of these species, with special emphasis on their capacity to modulate complement activity. In particular, bacteria-mediated cleavage of C5 and subsequent release of C5a seems to be an important phenomenon in the manipulation of the local inflammatory response in periodontitis. In this study, we present mirolysin, a novel metalloproteinase secreted by Tannerella forsythia, a well-recognized pathogen strongly associated with periodontitis. Mirolysin exhibited a strong effect on all complement pathways. It inhibited the classical and lectin complement pathways due to efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4, whereas inhibition of the alternative pathway was caused by degradation of C5. This specificity toward complement largely resembled the activity of a previously characterized metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, karilysin. Interestingly, mirolysin released the biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induced migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we demonstrated that combination of mirolysin with karilysin, as well as a cysteine proteinase of another periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia, resulted in a strong synergistic effect on complement. Furthermore, mutant strains of T. forsythia, devoid of either mirolysin or karilysin, showed diminished survival in human serum, providing further evidence for the synergistic inactivation of complement by these metalloproteinases. Taken together, our findings on interactions of mirolysin with complement significantly add to the understanding of immune evasion strategies of T. forsythia and expand the knowledge on molecular mechanisms driving pathogenic events in the infected periodontium.
AB - Recent reports focusing on virulence factors of periodontal pathogens implicated proteinases as major determinants of remarkable pathogenicity of these species, with special emphasis on their capacity to modulate complement activity. In particular, bacteria-mediated cleavage of C5 and subsequent release of C5a seems to be an important phenomenon in the manipulation of the local inflammatory response in periodontitis. In this study, we present mirolysin, a novel metalloproteinase secreted by Tannerella forsythia, a well-recognized pathogen strongly associated with periodontitis. Mirolysin exhibited a strong effect on all complement pathways. It inhibited the classical and lectin complement pathways due to efficient degradation of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-2, ficolin-3, and C4, whereas inhibition of the alternative pathway was caused by degradation of C5. This specificity toward complement largely resembled the activity of a previously characterized metalloproteinase of T. forsythia, karilysin. Interestingly, mirolysin released the biologically active C5a peptide in human plasma and induced migration of neutrophils. Importantly, we demonstrated that combination of mirolysin with karilysin, as well as a cysteine proteinase of another periodontal pathogen, Prevotella intermedia, resulted in a strong synergistic effect on complement. Furthermore, mutant strains of T. forsythia, devoid of either mirolysin or karilysin, showed diminished survival in human serum, providing further evidence for the synergistic inactivation of complement by these metalloproteinases. Taken together, our findings on interactions of mirolysin with complement significantly add to the understanding of immune evasion strategies of T. forsythia and expand the knowledge on molecular mechanisms driving pathogenic events in the infected periodontium.
KW - Animals
KW - Bacterial Proteins
KW - Bacteroides
KW - Bacteroides Infections
KW - Cell Movement
KW - Complement Activation
KW - Complement Pathway, Alternative
KW - Complement Pathway, Classical
KW - Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin
KW - Complement System Proteins
KW - Hemolysis
KW - Host-Pathogen Interactions
KW - Humans
KW - Matrix Metalloproteinases
KW - Metalloproteases
KW - Microbial Viability
KW - Mutation
KW - Neutrophils
KW - Periodontitis
KW - Sheep
U2 - 10.4049/jimmunol.1402892
DO - 10.4049/jimmunol.1402892
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 26209620
SN - 0022-1767
VL - 195
SP - 2231
EP - 2240
JO - Journal of Immunology
JF - Journal of Immunology
IS - 5
ER -